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Flutter 应用打包发布详解 ​

简介 ​

应用打包发布是开发流程中的重要环节。本文详细介绍如何打包和发布 Flutter 应用到 Android 和 iOS 平台。

Android 打包 ​

生成密钥 ​

bash
keytool -genkey -v -keystore key.jks \
        -keyalg RSA -keysize 2048 -validity 10000 \
        -alias key

配置密钥 ​

创建 key.properties ​

properties
storePassword=<store password>
keyPassword=<key password>
keyAlias=key
storeFile=<key store file location>

配置 build.gradle ​

gradle
def keystoreProperties = new Properties()
def keystorePropertiesFile = rootProject.file('key.properties')
if (keystorePropertiesFile.exists()) {
    keystoreProperties.load(new FileInputStream(keystorePropertiesFile))
}

android {
    signingConfigs {
        release {
            keyAlias keystoreProperties['keyAlias']
            keyPassword keystoreProperties['keyPassword']
            storeFile file(keystoreProperties['storeFile'])
            storePassword keystoreProperties['storePassword']
        }
    }
    buildTypes {
        release {
            signingConfig signingConfigs.release
            minifyEnabled true
            proguardFiles getDefaultProguardFile('proguard-android.txt'),
                    'proguard-rules.pro'
        }
    }
}

打包命令 ​

bash
# 生成 APK
flutter build apk --release

# 生成 App Bundle
flutter build appbundle

iOS 打包 ​

配置证书 ​

  1. 在 Apple Developer 网站创建证书
  2. 在 Xcode 中配置证书和 Provisioning Profile

配置应用信息 ​

xml
<!-- ios/Runner/Info.plist -->
<key>CFBundleDisplayName</key>
<string>应用名称</string>
<key>CFBundleIdentifier</key>
<string>com.example.myapp</string>
<key>CFBundleShortVersionString</key>
<string>1.0.0</string>
<key>CFBundleVersion</key>
<string>1</string>

打包命令 ​

bash
flutter build ios --release

版本管理 ​

pubspec.yaml ​

yaml
version: 1.0.0+1  # 版本号+构建号

版本号格式 ​

  • 主版本号.次版本号.修订号
  • 构建号(整数,单调递增)

多渠道打包 ​

Android 渠道配置 ​

gradle
android {
    flavorDimensions "default"
    productFlavors {
        google {
            dimension "default"
            manifestPlaceholders = [
                CHANNEL_VALUE: "google"
            ]
        }
        huawei {
            dimension "default"
            manifestPlaceholders = [
                CHANNEL_VALUE: "huawei"
            ]
        }
    }
}

打包命令 ​

bash
# 打包特定渠道
flutter build apk --flavor google
flutter build apk --flavor huawei

自动化打包 ​

Fastlane 配置 ​

ruby
# fastlane/Fastfile
default_platform(:android)

platform :android do
  desc "Deploy to Play Store"
  lane :deploy do
    gradle(
      task: "clean assembleRelease",
      properties: {
        "android.injected.signing.store.file" => ENV["KEYSTORE_FILE"],
        "android.injected.signing.store.password" => ENV["STORE_PASSWORD"],
        "android.injected.signing.key.alias" => ENV["KEY_ALIAS"],
        "android.injected.signing.key.password" => ENV["KEY_PASSWORD"],
      }
    )
    upload_to_play_store(
      track: 'internal',
      aab: '../build/app/outputs/bundle/release/app-release.aab'
    )
  end
end

platform :ios do
  desc "Deploy to App Store"
  lane :deploy do
    build_ios_app(
      workspace: "Runner.xcworkspace",
      scheme: "Runner",
      export_method: "app-store"
    )
    upload_to_app_store(
      skip_screenshots: true,
      skip_metadata: true
    )
  end
end

CI/CD 配置 ​

yaml
# .github/workflows/release.yml
name: Release
on:
  push:
    tags:
      - 'v*'
jobs:
  build:
    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
    steps:
      - uses: actions/checkout@v2
      - uses: actions/setup-java@v1
        with:
          java-version: '11'
      - uses: subosito/flutter-action@v1
      - run: flutter pub get
      - run: flutter test
      - run: flutter build apk --release
      - uses: actions/upload-artifact@v2
        with:
          name: release-apk
          path: build/app/outputs/flutter-apk/app-release.apk

发布检查清单 ​

通用检查 ​

Android 检查 ​

iOS 检查 ​

最佳实践 ​

  1. 使用版本控制
  2. 自动化构建流程
  3. 分环境配置
  4. 代码混淆
  5. 安全性检查

注意事项 ​

  1. 密钥保管
  2. 敏感信息处理
  3. 版本兼容性
  4. 发布时间规划
  5. 紧急回滚方案

总结 ​

应用打包发布是一个复杂的过程,需要注意很多细节。通过合理的配置和自动化工具,可以简化发布流程,提高发布效率。